East Kalimantan (Indonesian: 
Kalimantan Timur), is a province of Indonesia. Its territory comprises the eastern portion of Borneo. It has a population of about 3 million,[4] and its capital is Samarinda.
East Kalimantan has a total area of 139,461.82 square kilometres (53,846.51 sq mi)[5] and is the second least densely populated province in Kalimantan.[6] The majority of the region shares a maritime border to the east with West Sulawesi and North Sulawesi; its coastline faces the Makassar Strait and the Celebes Sea. Its former northernmost region is now North Kalimantan; to its south, East Kalimantan borders the South Kalimantan province.
East Kalimantan is now divided into 6 regencies and 3 cities. Awang Faroek Ishak is its governor and Farid Wadjdy as its vice governor.[7]
| East Kalimantan Kalimantan Timur (Indonesian) Kaltim (Abbrv.) |
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|---|---|---|---|
| Province | |||
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| Motto: Ruhui Rahayu ("Perfect harmony the blessing from God") |
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Location of East Kalimantan (dark green)
[Legend]
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| Coordinates: 1°3′N 116°19′E | |||
| Borneo | 1945 | ||
| Kalimantan | 14 Aug 1950 | ||
| Restoration from Dutch occupation | 17 Aug 1950 | ||
| Separation of union with Kalimantan | 1 Jan 1957 | ||
| Capital (and largest city) | Samarinda | ||
| Government | |||
| • Governor | Awang Faroek I. | ||
| • Vice Governor | Farid Wadjdy | ||
| • Secretary | Irianto Lambrie | ||
| • Chief Justice | Yudha Pranoto | ||
| Area(excluding the area separated off in 2012 as North Kalimantan) | |||
| • Total | 139,461.82 km2 (53,846.51 sq mi) | ||
| (at 2010 Census) | |||
| Population (2010)[1] | |||
| • Total | 3,026,060 | ||
| • Density | 22/km2 (56/sq mi) | ||
| (excluding population separated off in 2012 as North Kalimantan) | |||
| Demonym | Kaltim | ||
| Demographics | |||
| • Official Language(s) | Indonesian | ||
| • Recognised Regional Language(s) | Kutai Malay, Banjar, Dayak and Buginese | ||
| • Ethnic groups | 29.6% Javanese[2] 18% Bugis[3] 52.4% other[2] |
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| Time zone | WITA (UTC+8) | ||
| Website | www.kaltimprov.go.id | ||
History
This province is the location of the oldest Hindu kingdom in Indonesia, Kutai, the existence of which is attested to by a stone manuscript, or Prasasti, which is now kept in the National Museum in Jakarta. The manuscript is written in the Pallava alphabet and the Sanskrit language. The replica of this manuscript can be seen in the Governor's Office in Samarinda.Inscriptions on seven stone pillars (yupa posts) erected in the fifth century BCE on the command of a local ruler, King Mulavarman, records his victories, his generosity to Brahmins, his princely genealogy.[8]
| Historical population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1971 | 733,797 | — |
| 1980 | 1,218,016 | +66.0% |
| 1990 | 1,876,663 | +54.1% |
| 1995 | 2,314,183 | +23.3% |
| 2000 | 2,455,120 | +6.1% |
| 2010 | 3,550,586 | +44.6% |
| Source: Badan Pusat Statistik 2010. These figures include the population of the city and four northerly regencies split off in 2012 to form the new North Kalimantan Province. |
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Administration
Until 2012, East Kalimantan was divided into ten regencies and four cities. On 22 October 2012, the Indonesian House of Representatives agreed to the creation of a new province named North Kalimantan out of four of the Regencies in East Kalimantan, namely Malinau Regency, Nunukan Regency, Tana Tidung Regency and Bulungan Regency, together with one city, Tarakan. Accordingly these were split off to form the new province of North Kalimantan on 25 October 2012, leaving the following regencies and cities to comprise the reduced East Kalimantan:| Name | Area (km2) | Population 2005 estimate |
Population 2010 Census |
Capital |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paser Regency | 11,603.94 | 174,420 | 231,593 | Tana Paser |
| North Penajam Paser Regency (Penajam Paser Utara) |
3,333.06 | 120,508 | 142,693 | Penajam |
| Balikpapan City | 503.30 | 469,884 | 559,196 | Balikpapan |
| West Kutai Regency (Kutai Barat) |
33,052.00 | 151,227 | 165,934 | Sendawar |
| Kutai Kartanegara Regency | 27,263.10 | 490,607 | 626,286 | Tenggarong |
| Samarinda City | 574,439 | 726,223 | Samarinda | |
| Bontang City | 497.57 | 120,348 | 140,787 | Bontang |
| East Kutai Regency (Kutai Timur) |
35,747.50 | 174,018 | 253,904 | Sangatta |
| Berau Regency | 34,127.47 | 148,437 | 179,444 | Tanjung Redeb |
| Totals[9] | 139,461.82 | 2,423,888 | 3,026,060 | Samarinda |
Ecology
The projects that supports tropical rainforest conservation includes a WWF project [10] and Samboja Lestari lodge, one of Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation's reforestation and orangutan rehabilitation projects.[11]
Economy
East Kalimantan's economy heavily depends on earth resources such as oilfield exploration, natural gas, coal and gold.[citation needed] Balikpapan has an oil refinery plant that was built by Dutch governance before World War II, destroyed during World War II, and rebuilt after Indonesian independence.[citation needed]Other developing economic sectors include agriculture and tourism.[citation needed]
Obstacles to economic development include a lack of transportation infrastructure.[citation needed] Transportation depends on traditional boats connecting coastal cities and areas along main river, Mahakam River.[citation needed]
In 2012, Russia's state railway firm Joint Stock Company (JSC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the East Kalimantan Governor over railway lines to transport coal and other freight. The first stage will connect an area near Balikpapan port to West Kutai Regency in a 183-kilometer line and is estimated to cost about $1.8 billion. It will commence in 2013 and by 2017 it is hoped that it carry 20 million tons of coal annually. The second phase will connect a line to Murung Raya in Central Kalimantan with a 60 kilometer line, which will cost an estimated $600 million.[12]
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