South Sulawesi (Indonesian: Sulawesi Selatan) is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the southern peninsula of Sulawesi. The Selayar Islands archipelago forms part of the province.
The 2010 census recorded the province’s population as 8,032,551 -
making it the most populated province in Sulawesi (46% of the population
of Sulawesi is in South Sulawesi), and the sixth most populated in
Indonesia. Its capital, Makassar,
is a major regional center and the largest city on the island; it is
situated on the western side of Sulawesi's southern peninsula.
| South Sulawesi Sulawesi Selatan |
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| Province | |||
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| Motto: Todo Poli (Keep the faith) |
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| Coordinates: 4°20′S 120°15′ECoordinates: 4°20′S 120°15′E | |||
| Country | Indonesia | ||
| Founded | Oct 19th 1669 | ||
| Founded As Province | Dec 13th 1960 | ||
| Capital | Makassar | ||
| Government | |||
| • Governor | Syahrul Yasin Limpo (Golkar Party) | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 46,717.48 km2 (18,037.72 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2010)[1] | |||
| • Total | 8,032,551 | ||
| • Density | 170/km2 (450/sq mi) | ||
| Demographics | |||
| • Ethnic groups | Bugis (41.9%), Makassarese (25.43%), Toraja (9.02%), Mandar (6.1%) | ||
| • Religion | Islam (87.88%), Protestantism (8.19%), Roman Catholicism (1.51%), Buddhism (0.88%), Hinduism (0.02%) | ||
| • Languages | Buginese Makassarese (regional) | ||
| Time zone | CIT (UTC+08) | ||
| Website | www.sulsel.go.id | ||
Geography
South Sulawesi Province is located at 4°20′S 120°15′E. Its area is 45,764.53 km ². The province is bordered by Central Sulawesi and West Sulawesi in the north, the Gulf of Bone and Southeast Sulawesi in the east, in the west of Makassar Strait and Flores Sea to the south.Administrative Divisions
Five years after independence, the government issued Law No. 21 of 1950, which became the basis of the legal establishment Administrative Sulawesi province. Ten years later, the government passed Law No. 47 of 1960 which endorsed the formation of the South and Southeast Sulawesi. Four years after that, through Act No. 13 of 1964 to separate the government of South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi.Forty years later, the South Sulawesi government was split into two, based on Law No. 26 of 2004. The regencies of Majene, Mamasa, Mamuju, North Mamuju and Polewali Mandar - until that date in South Sulawesi Province - were formed into a new West Sulawesi province in line with the establishment of the province on October 5, 2004 by Act No. 26 of 2004.
South Sulawesi Province is divided into twenty-one regencies and 3 independent cities, listed below with their (provisional) populations at the 2010 Census.
| Name | Area (km2) | Population Census 2000 |
Population Census 2010 |
Capital |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selayar Islands Regency (Kepulauan Selayar) |
903.69 | 103,596 | 121,905 | Benteng |
| Bulukumba Regency | 1,154.67 | 352,419 | 394,757 | Bulukumba |
| Bantaeng Regency | 395.83 | 158,632 | 176,984 | Bantaeng |
| Jeneponto Regency | 749.79 | 317,588 | 342,222 | Bontosunggu |
| Takalar Regency | 566.51 | 229,718 | 269,171 | Pattallassang |
| Gowa Regency | 1,883.32 | 512,876 | 652,329 | Sungguminasa |
| Makassar (city) | 175.77 | 1,100,019 | 1,339,374 | Makassar |
| Sinjai Regency | 819.96 | 204,385 | 228,936 | Sinjai |
| Maros Regency | 1,619.12 | 272,116 | 318,238 | Maros |
| Pangkajene and Islands Regency (Pangkajene Dan Kepulauan) |
1,236.27 | 263,565 | 305,758 | Pangkajene |
| Barru Regency | 1,174.71 | 151,085 | 165,900 | Barru |
| Bone Regency | 4,559.00 | 648,089 | 717,268 | Watampone |
| Soppeng Regency | 1,359.44 | 219,505 | 223,757 | Watansoppeng |
| Wajo Regency | 2,056.20 | 357,720 | 384,694 | Sengkang |
| Parepare (city) | 99.33 | 108,258 | 129,542 | Parepare |
| Sidenreng Rappang Regency | 1,883.25 | 238,419 | 271,801 | Sidenreng |
| Pinrang Regency | 1,961.77 | 310,833 | 351,161 | Pinrang |
| Enrekang Regency | 1,786.01 | 166,307 | 190,175 | Enrekang |
| Luwu Regency | 3,000.25 | 398,131 | 332,863 | Belopa |
| Palopo (city) | 247.52 | # | 148,033 | Palopo |
| Tana Toraja Regency | 2,054.30 | 392,726 | 221,795 | Makale |
| North Toraja Regency (Toraja Utara) |
1,151.47 | * | 215,400 | Rantepao |
| North Luwu Regency (Luwu Utara) |
7,502.58 | 431,680 | 287,606 | Masamba |
| East Luwu Regency (Luwu Timur) |
6,944.88 | *** | 242,882 | Malili |
| Total province | 46,717.48 | 7,159,170 | 8,032,551 | Makassar |
- # The 2000 Census population for Palopo city is included in the figure for Luwu Regency.
- * The 2000 Census population for North Toraja Regency is included in the figure for Tana Toraja Regency, which was formed in 2008 following the publication of Commission President Yudhoyono, numbered R.68/Pres/12/2007 on 10 December 2007, regarding the expansion of the twelve original districts and cities.
- *** The 2000 Census population for East Luwu Regency is included in the figure for North Luwu Regency.
Social and Demographics
Ethnic groups
South Sulawesi has a diverse range of ethnic groups. Here are three of them:- The Buginese are the largest ethnic group in Sulawesi. This people inhabits the middle of the southern peninsula of Sulawesi. Many of these people have migrated to the outer islands around Sulawesi, even as far as Malaysia.
- The Makassarese are the second largest ethnic group in South Sulawesi. Their language is Makassar. Makassar people inhabit the southern part of the southern peninsula of Sulawesi including Jeneponto, Takalar, Bulukumba, Bantaeng, Gowa, Maros and Makassar. Total population is around 3 million people
- The Toraja are an ethnic group indigenous to a mountainous region of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Their population is approximately 650,000, of which 450,000 still live in the regency of Tana Toraja ("Land of Toraja").
Language
- Makassar language is a language family spoken in Makassar and surrounding areas.
- Bugis language is one of the family of languages spoken in the region up to Pinrang Bone, Sinjai, Barru, Pangkep, Maros, Pare Pare, Sidrap, Wajo, Soppeng Until Enrekang area, this language is the predominant language in use by the community South Sulawesi.
- Pettae language is one of the languages spoken in the area of Tana Luwu, ranging from Siwa, Wajo, Enrekang Duri, Kolaka to the North, South East Sulawesi.
- Toraja is one of a family of languages spoken in the area of Tana Toraja and surrounding areas.
- Mandar language is the language of Mandar tribe, who lived in West Sulawesi province, precisely in Mamuju, Polewali Mandar, Majene and North Mamuju. In addition to the core in the tribal areas, they are also scattered in coastal South Sulawesi, South Kalimantan and East Kalimantan.
- Duri language is one of the Austronesian languages in South Sulawesi in the group Massenrempulu dialect. Among the group Massenremplu Language, Language spines have the closeness with Toraja language and language Tae 'Luwu. Speakers spread across the north of Mount Bambapuang, Enrekang to the border region of Tana Toraja.
- Konjo language is divided into two coastal Konjo Language and Language Konjo Mountains, Coastal Konjo living in coastal areas Bulukumba Area, in the southeastern corner of the southern part of the island of Sulawesi Konjo while living in the mountains of southeastern mountain Bawakaraeng.
Demographics
| Historical population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1971 | 5,180,576 | — |
| 1980 | 6,062,212 | +17.0% |
| 1990 | 6,981,646 | +15.2% |
| 1995 | 7,558,368 | +8.3% |
| 2000 | 8,059,627 | +6.6% |
| 2010 | 8,034,776 | −0.3% |
| Source: Badan Pusat Statistik 2010 | ||
Religion
The majority religion is Islam in South Sulawesi as much as 87.88%, except in Tana Toraja and other parts of the Christian religion as much as 9.7%.Tourism
Tourism, which is one of the potential sectors for admission PAD in South Sulawesi, was very probably develop more optimally. South Sulawesi region has diverse tourism objects, both natural attractions with natural conditions following mountainous elongated shape beaches, marine tourism, agro-tourism, cultural tourism, including many historical attractions owned by the county, such as in Tana Toraja and Polewali Mamasa . Everything that adds to the wealth of diversity of attractions in South Sulawesi.However, that potential can only thrive if cultivated in a more professional way, so as to have a great attraction for both domestic and foreign tourists. To promote the development of tourism in the province, there need to be infrastructure such as roads, transportation (land, sea, air), and the hotel, which can boost progress in the field of tourism in this area. If good facilities and infrastructure are able to be provided, it is possible that foreign and domestic investors will be interested to invest in the tourism and entertainment sectors. This means that there is the potential of the tourism sector in South Sulawesi to grow more optimally.
South Sulawesi has a very promising opportunity to expand trade links with other provinces, including expanding exports to foreign countries, given the progress of science and technology, particularly the field of informatics and telecommunications technologies, which is very rapid. In addition, there is the very strategic geographical location of South Sulawesi, which is at the crossroads of international sea transportation.
History
During the golden era of the spice trade, from the 15th century until the 19th, South Sulawesi Gate served as the door to the Maluku Islands, spic -producing lands. Kingdom of Gowa and Bone mighty plays an important role in the history of eastern Indonesia Ialu future .
At around the 14th century in South Sulawesi there were a number of small kingdoms, two prominent − the Kingdom of Gowa around Makassar and Bugis Kingdom located in Bone. In 1530, the Kingdom of Gowa began to develop themselves, and in the mid 16th century Gowa become one the most important trade centers in eastern Indonesia. In 1605, the King of Gowa embraced Islam and made the Kingdom of Gowa Islamist, and between the years 1608 and 1611, the Kingdom of Gowa attacked and conquered the kingdom of Bone so that Islam could be spread to all regions of Makassar and Bugis.
Holland then returned to the sponsoring Palakka Bone, Bone simultaneously turned the people's resistance against the power and Sopeng Gowa. After a year-long battle, they defeated the Kingdom of Gowa. And King of Gowa, Sultan Hasanuddin was forced to sign the Treaty which greatly reduced the power of Bungaya Gowa. Furthermore Bone under Palakka became ruler in South Sulawesi.
Competition between the leaders of the Bugis kingdom of Bone coloured other South Sulawesi history. A Bone queen emerged to lead the resistance against the Dutch, who were busy dealing with the Napoleonic Wars in Europe. Yet once past the Napoleonic Wars, the Dutch returned to South Sulawesi and eradicated the queen's rebellion. But resistance of Makassar and Bugis people against colonial rule continued until 1905 or 1906. In 1905, the Dutch also managed to conquer Tana Toraja; resistance in this area continued until the early 1930s.
Before the proclamation of the Republic of Indonesia, South Sulawesi consisted of a number of independent kingdoms' territory and was inhabited by four ethnic groups namely Bugis, Makassar, Mandar and Toraja.
There are three major kingdoms that Luwu widely influenced, Gowa and Bone, which in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries to achieve glory and has conducted trade relations and friendship with the people of European, Indian, Chinese, Malay and Arabic. After independence, issued Law No. 21 of 1950 which became the province of South Sulawesi Sulawesi Administrative and subsequently in 1960 became an autonomous region of South Sulawesi and Southeast by Act No. 47 of 1960. Separation of the autonomous region of South Sulawesi South Sulawesi and Southeast was established by Act No. 13 of 1964 , so it became an autonomous region of South Sulawesi.
Condition of South Sulawesi
Economic conditions
- Sulawesi economy grew 7.78 percent in 2008 and grew by 6.20 percent in 2009, or 7.34 percent (without nickel)
- Economic Growth First Quarter of 2010 reached 7.77 percent in the second quarter and is expected to reach 8.02 percent
- GDP in 2009 (ADHK) amounting to Rp 47.31 trillion and 99.90 Trillion (ADHB)
- Per capita income of USD 12.63 million in 2009.
Social conditions
- Human Development Index (HDI) South Sulawesi in 2008 reached 70.22
- Life Expectancy 69.60 in 2008
- Poor population of 12.31 percent in 2009, amounting to 963.6 thousand
- Unemployment rate of 8.90 percent in 2009, amounting to 296,559 people.
Natural resources
As one of the national rice granaries, South Sulawesi annually produces 2,305,469 tons of rice. Of that amount, for local consumption only 884,375 tonnes and 1,421,094 tonnes of reserves remaining is distributed other eastern areas even exported to Malaysia, the Philippines and Papua New Guinea. Location of the largest rice production is in Bone regency, Soppeng, Wajo, Sidrap, Pinrang and Luwu (Bodowasipilu Area).
Plantation
Plantation is the leading sector with different types of commodities, such as oil palm, hybrid coconut, cocoa, coffee, pepper, vanilla, sugarcane, rubber, tea, cashew and cotton. Of all, cocoa and coffee are excellent commodities. 662,615 ha of cocoa perkebunana wide, consisting of 657,334 ha of small holders and private estates 5,281 ha. The average growth reached 2% of cocoa per year, with production of 521,440 tons per year. Cocoa production centers located in East Luwu, North Luwu, Luwu, Wajo, Pinrang, Bone and Sinjai.
Plantation is the leading sectors with different types of commodities, such as oil palm, hybrid coconut, cocoa, coffee, pepper, vanilla, sugarcane, rubber, tea, cashew and cotton. Of all, cocoa and coffee are excellent commodities. 662 615 ha of cocoa perkebunana wide, consisting of 657,334 ha of smallholders and private estates 5,281 ha. The average growth reached 2% of cocoa per year, with production of 521 440 tons per year. Cocoa production centers located in East Luwu, North Luwu, Luwu, Wajo, Pinrang, Bone and Sinjai.
Fishery
Farms
Various types of farms flourish there, especially cattle, buffalo, chickens, ducks, goats and so on. population of 2005 were 28,942,526 head of cattle per year and farm production reached 26,747,228.47 tons per year. Livestock population in 2004 to reach 738 140 head cow, buffalo tail 133 467, 118 101 horse tails, goat tail 555 927, 448 869 pigs tail, chicken and duck tail tail 4,118,276. Whereas in 2005 the total population 171.790 buffalo tails, horse 130 319, 567 749 ox tail, pig tails 570 917, and duck tail 3.53428 million. In 2006 as many as 245 350 population kerbing tails, horse tail 124 254, chicken and duck tails as much as 4,765,428 birds.Mining
Traditional
Many ethnic and vernacular languages are used by the people of South Sulawesi, but the most dominant ethnic groups as well as the most common languages used are Makassar, Bugis and Toraja. One of the famous culture is foreign to the culture and traditions of Tana Toraja are distinctive and interesting. Folk songs are often sung among the Makasar Ma'Rencong rencong, Pakarena and Anging Mamiri. While the song is Indo Logo Bugis, and Fur Alaina Tempe and to Tana Toraja is a song Tondo.Traditional House
South Sulawesi has three types of traditional houses. The most known is the Home Stage / Rumah Panggung / Balla '/ Bola from Bugis Makassar, and Tongkonan from Toraja.- Bola / Balla' Traditional House, traditional house from Bugis and Makassar, the building is now more difficult to find it at least 3 things that describe Botting langi' (the world over), Ale Kawa (middle world) and Awa Bola (the underworld). In addition to the unique philosophical and forms, the process of the establishment of the house is also very interesting. The owner must request consideration from Panrita Bola to find places and directions that are considered good. Some of the principles in the founding of the house is facing the sun should rise, overlooking the plateau and overlooking one of the cardinal directions. Also the time of establishment can not be arbitrary. Usually a good day or a month is determined by those who have the skill in that regard. Before the house was set preceded by a ritual ceremony which is then forwarded to the established parts of the house in order. The main center pole first house done, then just the other poles.
- Tongkonan is the traditional ancestral house, or rumah adat of the Torajan people, in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Tongkonan have a distinguishing boat-shaped and oversized saddleback roof. Like most of Indonesia’s Austronesian-based traditional architecture tongkonan are built on piles. The construction of tongkonan is laborious work and it is usually built with the help of all family members. In the original Toraja society, only nobles had the right to build tongkonan. Commoners live in smaller and less decorated homes called banua.
Traditional songs
Makassar Traditional Song (Kelong)
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Bugis Traditional Song (Dendang)
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Traditional food
In South Sulawesi, has the traditional food is diverse, ranging from soup, roasted, to traditional cakes. Here is a traditional food of South Sulawesi;* Barongko
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Radio and TV station list
Radio
| Station | Frequency | Modulation |
|---|---|---|
| Madama Makassar | 87,7 | FM |
| Bosowa FM Makassar | 88,5 | FM |
| Fajar FM Makassar | 89,3 | FM |
| Medika FM Makassar | 90,1 | FM |
| Radio Torani | 90,5 | FM |
| Radio Suara Celebes FM | 90,9 | FM |
| RRI Makassar | 94,4 | FM |
| I-Radio Makassar | 96,0 | FM |
| RRI Pro 2 FM Makassar | 96,8 | FM |
| Delta FM Makassar | 99,2 | FM |
| Anak Muda FM Makassar | 100,0 | FM |
| Suara Celebes FM Makassar | 100,4 | FM |
| Telstar FM Makassar | 102,7 | FM |
| Radio SPFM Citra Wanita Makassar | 103,5 | FM |
| Merkurius FM Makassar | 104,3 | FM |
| Prambors FM Makassar | 105,1 | FM |
| Gamasi FM Makassar | 105,9 | FM |
| Savana FM Makassar | 106,5 | FM |
| Syiar FM Radio | 107,1 | FM |
| ACCa FM Palopo | 101,2 | FM |
| Radio As' Adiyah Sengkang | 103,2 | FM |
| Radio Adiafiry Watansoppeng | 1008 | AM |
TV stations
| Station | Frequency | Networks | District / City |
|---|---|---|---|
| TVRI Sulawesi Selatan | 37 UHF | TVRI | Makassar |
| Makassar TV | 23 UHF | Kompas TV | Makassar |
| Fajar TV | 49 UHF | JPMC | Makassar |
| SUN TV Makassar | 51 UHF | SINDOtv | Makassar |
| Celebes TV | 31 UHF | NET. | Makassar |
| Metro TV Sulsel | 39 UHF | Metro TV | Makassar |
| Cakrawala TV | 57 UHF | B-Channel | Makassar |
| RCTI Network Sulsel | 33 UHF | RCTI | Makassar |
| VIVA Sport | E- UHF | Makassar | |
| ArekTV Makassar | E- UHF | Makassar | |
| NKTV Makassaar | E- UHF | Indonesia Network | Makassar |
| MCTV PARE | 24 UHF | Pare-Pare | |
| SINJAI TV | 51 UHF | Sinjai |
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